somatization

■ Offensichtliche Ängste bei einem Patienten mit körperlichen Beschwerden sollten eine Untersuchung bezüglich Somatisierung zur Folge haben.

■ Machen Sie sich mit den 4 Mustern der Somatisierung und ihrer Erscheinungsformen vertraut.

■ Lernen Sie, wie Sie eine emotionsorientierte Anamnese zu führen, die, richtig angewendet, hilft, eine Somatisierung auszuschließen.

■ Obvious anxiety in a patient with physical complaints should prompt an evaluation for somatization.

■ Become familiar with the 4 patterns of somatization and their manifestations.

■ Learn how to conduct an emotion-focused interview, which, when applied appropriately, will help rule somatization in or out.

Somatization, anxiety, depression and personality disorders are common features of many patients with chronic headaches. Intensive short-term dynamic psycho- therapy (ISTDP) is a brief therapy method developed specifically to treat patients with this cluster of somatic problems, symptoms and maladaptive behaviours through focusing on how the patient handles emotional experiences. It also contains a direct method of assessing the somatic discharge pathways of both emotions and anxiety, thus allowing direct observation of somatization in the case of many chronic headache sufferers. In this review, we summarize the extant literature on emotional factors in headache, review the evidence for short-term dynamic therapies in somatic problems and describe the assessment and treat- ment method of ISTDP we use routinely with chronic headache sufferers.

Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) was developed out of the need for relatively short psychodynamic psychotherapeutic treatment approaches to complex and resistant patient populations so common in public health systems. Based on extensive study of video recordings, Habib Davanloo discovered, and other researchers have validated, some important clinical ingredients that align the therapist with healthy aspects of the patient striving for resolution of chronic neurotic disorders and fragile character structure. In the case of character neurotic highly resistant patients, these approaches including "pressure," "clarification," "challenge to defenses," and "head on collision" can be used in a tailored and properly timed way to help the chronically suffering patient to overcome his or her own resistance and access core drivers of these pathologies. In this article the meta-psychological basis of ISTDP is reviewed and illustrated with an extended case vignette.